Reported Speech and Quoted Speech

Direct speech: quoted speech

Indirect speech: reported speech

Kalau direct speech itu mengutip kalimat asli yang dikatakan oleh speaker (pembicara) pertama dan kita sering menggunakan quotation marks (tanda kutip). Indirect speech juga mengutip kalimat yang diucapkan oleh speakernya, tetapi mengalami perubahan dalam pola tatanan bahasa-nya, atau perubahan tensesnya. Lihat contoh-contoh di bawah ini:

1.       (Quoted speech) Bram said, “My mother is beautiful.”

2.       (Reported speech) Bram said (that) my mother was beautiful. (Ada perubahan tenses-nya)

Lihat rangkuman perubahan tenses di bawah ini:

Quoted speech (direct speech)	Reported speech (indirect speech)
Simple present tense She said, “I watch movie.”	Past tense She said that she watched movie
Present continuous She said, “I am watching movie.”	Past continuous tense She said that she was watching movie.
Present perfect She said, “I have watched movie.”	Past perfect She said that she had watched movie
Present perfect continuous She said, “I have been watching movie.”	Past perfect continuous She said that she had been watching movie
Simple past tense She said, “ I watched movie,”	Past perfect She said that she had watched movie.
Past continuous She said, “I was watching movie.”	Past perfect continuous She said that she had been watching movie
Future tense (will) She said, “I will watch movie.”	Future in the past (would) She said that she would watch movie.
Past perfect She said, “I had watched movie.”	Past perfect (tidak ada perubahan) She said that she had watched movie

Reported speech (indirect speech) dalam bentuk pertanyaan.

Kalau dalam bentuk pertanyaan, maka cukup dengan menggunakan if/whether. Lihat contoh di bawah berikut:

1.       She asked me, “Are you a student.”

She asked me if I was a student.

2.       The waiter asked, “Do you want a table near the window?”

The waiter asked whether I wanted a table near the window

3.       He asked me, “Did you come by train or bus?”

He asked me if/whether I had come by train or bus.

Jika kita pahami 3 contoh kalimat pertanyaan di atas, kita tidak perlu lagi menuliskan tanda tanya pada indirect speech nya. Karena sudah digantikan oleh if/whether.

Salah    : He asked me if I had come by train or bus?

Semua kalimat pertanyaan yang di awali dengan kata kerja bantu seperti did, do, is, are, am, does, maka kita ganti dengan if/whether

Reported speech (indirect speech) dengan menggunakan WH Question

Ketika menggunakan WH Question (who, what, when, where, why, how, whom) dalam indirect speech, kita tidak perlu menambahkan tanda tanya (?). perhatikan contoh di bawah:

1.       Direct speech    : The little boy asked me, “Who are you?”

Indirect speech : The little boy asked me who I was.

2.       Direct speech    : She wanted to know, “Who did you invite to the party?”

Indirect speech : she wanted to know who I had invited to the party.

3.       Direct speech    : I asked them, “who came to meet you at the airport?”

Indirect speech : I asked them who came to meet them at the airport

4.       Direct speech    : James asked me, “Whom did you call?”

Indirect speech : James asked me whom I had called.

5.       Direct speech    : She asked us, “What are you doing?”

Indirect speech : she asked me what I was doing.

6.       Direct speech    : I asked her, “When did it happen?”

Indirect speech : I asked her when it had happened.

7.       Direct speech    : I asked to the security, “where is the toilet?”

Indirect speech : I asked to the security where the toilet was.

8.       Direct speech    : The police asked them, “How do they steal the motor bike?”

Indirect speech : The police asked them how they stole the motor bike.

Salah    : The police asked them how did they steal the motor bike?

Reported speech (Indirect speech): dalam kalimat perintah atau komando (command)

Dalam memberikan perintah atau komando, kita cukup menggunakan to infinitive

Perhatikan beberapa contoh di bawah ini!

1.       Direct speech    : The teacher told him, “Sit down and stop talking.”

Indirect speech : The teacher told him to sit down and to stop talking.

To infinitive       : to sit, to stop

Di samping itu, kita juga dapat menggunakan to infinitive dalam indirect speech untuk memberikan saran, peringatan maupun penguatan/motivasi. Perhatikan contoh berikut!

2.       Direct speech    : They advised me, “You should wait till the following day.”

Indirect speech : They advised me to wait till the following day

3.       Direct speech    : The security warned us, “You must not enter the area.”

Indirect speech : The security warned us not to enter the area.